20 Synonyms for Law, Order, or Rule

20 Synonyms for Law, Order, or Rule 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Law,† â€Å"Order,† or â€Å"Rule† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Law,† â€Å"Order,† or â€Å"Rule† By Mark Nichol Many words exist that refer to an expectation expressed by an authoritative person or entity, and sometimes it’s difficult to distinguish such terms when one tries to convey a reference to a law, an order, or a rule. Here are some synonyms for those words, along with definitions. 1. Behest: an order or prompting 2. Charge: an order, or information given to a jury about the applicability of law to a specific case 3. Command: an order, especially one given by a superior officer in a military or law enforcement hierarchy, or a signal that leads to an action 4. Commandment: something ordered 5. Decree: an order, or a decision by a judicial or religious official 6. Demand: an order with an expectation of compliance and a consequence for noncompliance 7. Dictate: an order or rule; also synonymous with injunction and prescription 8. Direction: an order, or an indication of how actions should occur in a performance or how music should be played 9. Directive: an order issued by a government entity, an official, or an organization 10. Edict: an order or proclamation 11. Imperative: an order or a rule, or a similar statement 12. Injunction: an order, or a legal requirement to do or not do something 13. Instruction: an order or direction; also synonymous with precept 14. Mandate: an order handed down from one court or other judicial body to another, or an authorization granted to a government official or a government, an order for establishment of a government, or a territory under such an order 15. Ordinance: a law or order established by a government entity, especially on the municipal level, a specified ceremony or custom, or something ordered by a god or determined by fate 16. Precept: an order given to an official by the person’s superior, or an order or a principle that is to be considered a general rule 17. Prescription: a right or title, an establishment of a rule, a claim or rule or tradition based on custom, a direction for preparation and/or use of a medicine or similar treatment, or the medicine or treatment itself 18. Regulation: a procedural rule, or an order enforceable by a government agency, or the act or state of developing one or more such rules 19. Statute: a law developed by a government’s legislative branch, the documentation for creating an agency and specifying its authority and scope, or a rule established by a corporation 20. Word: a direction or order Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Body Parts as Tools of MeasurementPreposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Packet Generator essays

Packet Generator essays When it comes to real-world network throughput, there are as many opinions about network performance as there are network installations. Every network site is unique, and the performance of the network is a function of the number of stations contending for access to the Ethernet, the type of hardware in use (station interfaces, switches), the layout of the cables (are they the right type, right length, and do they meet the configuration guidelines?), the quality of the cable installation and the mix of applications. However, with the ever-increasing number of networks, the traffic over the Internet is going to be saturated and performance will be down. In light of this problem, the testing, simulating and troubleshooting of a network device become very important. Therefore, in order to develop a more efficient and effective method, the project's goals is To provide the users more functions and flexibility in terms of the packet arrival pattern and the packet size generation. To assess network or the network component's ability to support the given traffic load in terms of packet loss, delay, delay jitters etc. To source and sink real-time multicast/unicast UDP/IP traffic flows with optional support for operation with ISI's "rsvpd". To transmit, receive and log time-stamped, sequence numbered packets. To provide a traffic controller using the Leaky Bucket method. Informations Technology personnel often look to network benchmark tests to measure monitor and predict the performance of the LANs. This is especially valuable in the case of high-performance backbones that continually support a large number of users and consistently high traffic volumes. However, the current technology of packet generator is very limited in functionality and usage. The project will aim to increase the flexibility of the packet generator in the following areas: ...

UK parliamentary system or USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UK parliamentary system or USA - Essay Example The fact that he is not subjected to the legislature in the selection means that he can choose wise men and women with extensive experience (Pushparaj web). In Parliamentary systems, leaders lack the ability to provide effective leadership. Parliamentary leaders often depend on others to perform their duties because they lack the knowledge of the changing world. Presidential systems of government have experienced leaders who perform their duties properly. In addition, parliamentary systems conflict with presidential systems in that secession is common in parliamentary systems. Defection results in nepotism, corruption, and political instability because of the short-lived coalitions. A minister has the discretion and mandates to do that which he deems fit and nobody can exert pressure on him. Presidential system is more democratic than Parliamentary systems. In addition, it is easier to get laws in the USA than in the UK because in USA ministers have a higher level of discretion and mandate to operate than ministers in the UK. However, the British system of government benefits include equal representation of all constituencies both urban and rural, decisions on issues has the say of the majority, and the selection of the prime minister is on the will of majority of members of parliament. Additionally, criticism by the opposition is welcome to the leading government. Pushparaj A. â€Å"What is the difference between Presidential and parliamentary form of Government?† Publish your articles. 2011. Web, 31 May 2012.

Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Exam - Assignment Example It is the reasoning that one uses when he tries to define certain things and the root values for that reasoning are based in Philosophy. Morality revolves around the personal belief of an individual that would be more concerned with good or bad in comparison to ethics in which the beliefs of the society as a whole are given importance. Values on the other hand can be explained as the belief of an individual that relates to his personal traits. These values can be derived from the cultural beliefs or the opinion of the person himself. Descriptive language revolves around the concept of judging as to what is wrong and what is right. On the other hand normative language is a way through which things are rather done in light of the judgments given. Ethics particularly focus on normative language as the individual is supposed to do the task based on the beliefs and not just accept the facts (Robin 1-9). Philosophers have used eudaimonia to explain a state in which the person accepts the c itizen virtues as instinctive behaviors. This state would mean that the person has reached his ultimate goal in life as explained by the Greeks. I believe that doing the right thing is the most important part in the discipline of ethics. A good life is not all about money but rather revolves around reasoning and functionality of a human being. It is necessary for individuals to be involved in reasoning and functionality as per the virtues to have a good life (Robinson 42-43; Sandel 20-40). 2. What are at least three elements or characteristics of the tradition of Socrates and Plato? What are at least three ways that these two philosophers are in disagreement with the Sophists: Parmenides, Thrasymachus, and Callicles. Do you think that the Socratic/Platonic emphasis on seeking the Good is the best approach? Or, do you think that the Sophists agenda makes sense in that they are training their students for

Meaning of life essay Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life essay Essay ?â€Å"You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life† (Camus). If you spend your whole life searching for one thing you will waste your life and it will only take a few moments for time to pass you by. The meaning of life is nonexistent and imponderable. ?â€Å"The meaning of life is contained in every single expression of life. It is present in the infinity of forms and phenomena that exist in all of creation† (Jackson). The meaning of life is simply the way you view it. Like religion everyone has different philosophies and opinions and only those who give life a meaning have the true understanding of the meaning of life. My Opinion on the Meaning of Life I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning, because there truly is no meaning otherwise. I believe everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal, never complex. I believe the meaning of life should be simple and potentially whatever we want it to be. I do what I do because I want to. It’s that simple for me; I do it because it means something to me. â€Å"Life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can† (Kaye). I believe this quote is saying that you should give life your all and do whatever it takes to make your life the way you want it. This is saying someone should do what you believe the philosophy of your life is. Many people go about their lives searching for the meaning of life and how it applies to them but in reality they will waste their lives away looking for something that does not exist. â€Å"There is not one big cosmic meaning for all; there is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person† (Nin). â€Å"Life has no meaning. Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life. It is a waste to be asking the question when you are the answer† (Campbell). This is saying how we bring the meaning to life and our thoughts and ideas on what we believe life is and should be. I do not believe in the idea of there being one specific meaning but millions for each and every soul around the earth. Various populations will all agree to disagree about their views but in retrospect you realize that everyone is right. Everyone gives their own meaning to the idea. Purposes and meanings will change, but the overall meaning to life, that there is no true meaning, will always stay the same. I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning. Works Cited ?Albert Camus Quote. BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/a/albertcamu105605. html? src=t_meaning_of_life. ?Anais Nin Quote. BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/a/anaisnin133215. html ?Danny Kaye Quote. BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/d/dannykaye125475. html. ?Michael Jackson Quote. BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/m/michaeljac399788. html? src=t_meaning_of_life.

Computer Technology :: essays research papers

Computer Technology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a kid sitting around with your friends, there was always that one person this said, do you think this will ever happened? When I grow up all I will have to do will say door open to get in my house, everything else will be done for me. now, much to my surprise this day has now arrived. The arrival and utilization of computers in today's world is absolutely unbelievable. Things can be done with computers that could have never been done in the past. we have security systems that don't need keys, cell phones that could go on line, and receptionists are now virtually unknown due to automated voice systems. the question that everyone wants to know is, our we too dependent on computers, and what will happen when they fail us? this is an idea that nobody really likes to discuss. Going further in-depth with this idea, what have computers done to the business world. many people feel it has enhanced businesses of today's society, others feel it has ruined them. there now companies being run by very few workers due to fully automated systems, systems that need one operator a and it can produce more than that of 15 to 20 a lot of cases. what this does the company's is forces them to put new technological advances in their budget to keep up with competition and be more cost effective. This is exactly why the technology is there, to get one step ahead of the competition, and to produce more product, more often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Integrating computers into assembly lines, batch plants, using them for inventory control purposes, data acquisition, data collection, ect., are all very exciting innovations in today's business world. This does a lot in making our world more technologically advanced, however, what happens to our unemployment rates when these workers are replaced with machines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point in time in history unemployment rates are actually down, however I see them doing nothing but getting worse in the near future. in a book and was recently read, how to drive your competition crazy, Guy Kawasaki, there's a paragraph in there about Toyota that has a direct correlation with technology and how it's affecting today's work place. in this paragraph it says, â€Å" Toyota’s introduction of the Lexus line of cars is an example of outrageous substitute positioning. these cars were squarely positioned against Mercedes and BMW.

A Day Worth Remembering

April 10, 2007 is a day I will never forget. It was the day I gave birth to my son. Beforehand, I thought it would all be a piece of cake, but to my surprise, it was far from that. On my way to a routine check-up, it seemed as if all I was able to think about was how bad my back hurt and that I could not wait to have this baby. I arrived at the doctor’s office and everything seemed to be running smoothly. I sat in the small, cramped room for what seemed like forever after the nurse had gotten my vitals.The doctor finally came into the room and asked me how I was feeling. I informed her that besides the fact that I was wobbling around and carrying an extra 30 pounds, I felt just fine. She then looked at me with a facial expression that had me thinking the worse. She informed me that my blood pressure was through the roof and that they would have to induce my labor. There I was, a first time mom about to go through something that I had never experienced before. Nervous doesnâ₠¬â„¢t even begin to describe the feelings that I was having at that time and moment.I called my husband and informed him that I was being sent to the maternity ward. Calling him did not help me to calm down. To be honest, I think I was calmer than he was which was surprising since he had been through this before. Finally, after all the questions and trying to comprehend what was going on, he was on his way. I was finally taken upstairs to the maternity ward and admitted. Not too long after arriving, I was given Pytocin to get the contractions started, a drug given to speed up the dilation of the cervix, since there was a chance of my son’s heart rate dropping.Shortly after I was examined, I was diagnosed with severe Preeclampsia, a condition in which the blood pressure is significantly high and chances of seizures and liver failure can occur. Not only was I diagnosed with something that I had never heard of with the potential to become fatal, the woman in the next room over t hat was actually giving birth at that time was screaming her heart out. I wanted to dart out of that place. I was beyond terrified. I sat there in a daze for most of the day since I was on so many different medications. You would have never thought that I was in labor because I was hooked up to so many machines.I felt like this was the worst day of my life and swore I would never do it again. The sharp, rushing pains of contractions kept coming, and to me, life as I knew it sucked. Whenever the pain came along, it would be stronger, longer, and more unbearable than the last. This lasted for an eternity in my eyes and I could not wait for it to be over. I eventually made it to the ten centimeters required to deliver. I was almost to the finish line and I was ready for it to be done and over with. With my husband and mother at my side, I felt invincible.They gave me the energy that was necessary to make it through one of the most important days of my life. I had my game face on and no thing stood in between me and giving birth to the son I was dying to meet. I began to push. The first push and I thought my lungs had collapsed. I was determined to end the long journey I had been on for nine months. With the second and last push came a beautiful, little baby boy. All that I had gone through was well worth it and if I had to do it all over again I would. April 10, 2007 was one of the most terrifying but happiest days of my life and I will always remember every detail of it.

Langston Hughes: Historical Perspective Essay

The two poems that I chose to write about are â€Å"The Negro Mother† and â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes. Both of these poems are about a mother speaking to her children and speaking of the hard times that she has been through in the past. If we read these poems it’s very much telling us about history and the things that black people had to endure back in the days. Many people can view it as her speaking to her children or to her son directly but I see it as her speaking to the black children of society. The Negro Mother is a poem where a mother is speaking to her children about her struggles and reminding them of her ancestors and their days as a slave â€Å"I am the one who labored as a slave, beaten and mistreated for the work that I gave† (Hughes, 2012, Line 11). At the beginning of the poem she begins to tell of the horrible things and how bad things were but then starts to tell her children a type of hope and telling them â€Å"Stand like free men supporting my trust. Believe in the right, let none push you back. † (Hughes, 2012, Line 36). In the poem Mother to Son, we have the similar theme where the mother speaks of her struggles in life. She describes her life as stairs and says that her â€Å"life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. † (Hughes, 2012, Line 2) Just like on the first poem she continues to encourage her son and telling him never to give up. â€Å"don’t you fall now- for I’se still goin’ honey. I’se still climbin’† (Hughes, 2012, Line 17). What I thought she meant here is don’t give up because after all that I have been through, I am still going.

balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Essays

Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Essays Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Paper Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Paper therefore it was through the cockfight Geertz could learn and communicate the Balinese culture. Geertz goes on to use this banal and mundane practice to unpack the tellings of this certain culture. He does not look for absolute truth but rather the meaning. He holds no views he just passes on his understanding, for example people may argue that cockfighting is morally wrong and barbaric however Geertz does not convey any judgement he is concerned in what the cockfight means for the Balinese, for example â€Å"the cock who landed the first blow usually proceeds to finish off his weakened opponent. But this is far from an inevitable outcome, for if a cock can walk, he can fight, and if he can fight he can kill, and what counts is which cock expires first† (Geertz 1993:423). Bentham argues against the betting, as he believes it to be irrational, Geertz counters this argument by suggesting people do irrational things the whole time and that it doesn’t matter because the important thing in this situation is status, therefore bringing in the politics of the practice. Geertz implies that the cockfight is a way of expressing power from which they don’t usually have. â€Å"As much of America surfaces in a ball park, on a golf link, at a race track, or around a poker table, much of bali surfaces in a cock ring. For it is only apparently cocks that are fighting. Actually it is men† (Geertz 1993:417) Geertz has used this cockfight as not only a way to experience and communicate with the locals and its culture but also as an illustration of a method. It has been analysed in a way to create an analogy and reveal big themes in Balinese society such as status, inequality, rage and passion. What he has done is similar to Shakespeare in his plays. Geertz’s approach is entirely a symbolic analysis with no deep empathy. Although he brings out a lot of interesting theories and suggestions from symbolising this can be criticised because it is purely an interpretation, therefore how can we verify it?

buy custom Milestone 2 First Draft Cyberschool essay

buy custom Milestone 2 First Draft Cyberschool essay Introduction In the current global market, Cyber Schools are on the increase and this is attributed to the fact that nowadays many schools have opted to adopt the online service provision because of the current trends in technology. Furthermore, such schools are assisting students and their families from the struggles that may be arising from the need to meet the requirement to pay for tuition. Cyber schools, which are also known as virtual schools or just online schools, are considered to be tuition-free educational institutions where everything is entirely based on the Internet. In the United States, cyber schools are approved by the state and they are designed in a way that will allow different students attain public school education just from their homes, and it may even start from as low as pre-kindergarten to 12th grade level (Patriot-News Editorial Board, 2009). Therefore, this research study assumes that Cyber Schools way of teaching is considered to be the most effective and efficient wa y of educating students within the current world. Cyber school attractions In this form of learning, students are normally allowed to posses a personal computer, enough learning textbooks, a high-speed Internet connection, and other educational resources that will assist them in effectively completing their assignments in time. Majority of cyber schools in the United States are recognized and even present a more thorough and precise curriculum when compared with the traditional brick-and-mortar learning institution. In this case, a learning management system is an online portal that assists students in submitting their completed assignments. The Faculty and staff members in cyber schools consist of state-certified tutors who normally correspond with their students by the use of Web chat, telephone and/ or electronic mails. Attending classes does not go like the traditional brick-and-mortar learning institution, but in this case students are taught by the use of a computerized format that is comparable to the video-chat program Skype. This format enables students to have a better interaction with their teachers and also one another on virtual mode (Craver, 2002). Student privacy is an aspect that fundamental in the overall success of the student in educational realm, and in this case it has to involve with the access to confidential data and security information. With introduction of Cyber schools in the current market, this is an aspect that is enhanced in both schools and homes. Where the accss to such information and data is only guaranteed when the right password is provided as requested. Internet accessibility and its application is a better way to do research as it becomes easier to carry out research in regards to various projects that relates to class work. Projects requiring an intensive research on information like history reports, bibliographies, and different literature pieces, can effectively be worked on by the use of the Internet, especially during study time at school and/ or home (Marzano, 2003). Cyber schools have also proved to be effective when it comes to updating student by their tutors on the current issues and events, especially when teaching social studies or history. This helps in keeping the class updated with the current events in the world. Internet accessibility at home or school allows student to frequently access their mails and other personal web pages. Cyber school distractions All a long Cyber schools have always been considered to be the best mode of offering education to students, but as time goes by, there are a number of distractions that are connected with the aspect of investing so much in this mode. First, the aspect of self-motivation is always at stake, since students are not obligated to attend classes when turning in their assignments, it may be difficult for them to comprehensively complete and hand in their assignments within the required time frame. When not motivated, one is more likely to relapse in studies and probably sink completely. Secondly, success in education comes with how a student is well organized both at home and school, and this can be achieved by ensuring that one is all material and resources needed are kept well. Sharing of computers can cause major interruptions in study, where books and notes used for certain projects may turn out to being misplaced (Marzano, 2003). Another issue that is found within the mode of Cyber schools is the aspect of having slow response. In this case, a student may sometime have questions for the tutor, but the problem may arise when responses are delayed due to unknown reasons. This is normally the beginning frustrations and confusion for students and in the end will always have a negative impact on the overall capability and capacity of a student. Despite the fact that most of the cyber classrooms have turned out to be more interactive, especially through chats and different forums, most students are prone to feel a sense of seclusion, since there are no social gatherings for them to enjoy together, and this another problem that ccan be caused while at school or just from home (Craver, 2002). There are other distraction received in the cases of Cyber schools, which are possession of IPods, cell phones, music, television, friends, and wanting to visit other non-educational websites for personal reasons. Parental controls over Cyber Schools Cyber schools offer the best chance for students to get access to a lot of material through surfing the net and other online resources, but this is an act that can either build a student or destroy him or her completely. Therefore, a control mechanism is supposed to be put in place to ensure that one is only restricted to certain sites over the Internet, and this is supposed to start right from home, where explicit materials are blocked and no one will be able to access them. Involvement parents in controlling the use of the Internet will also help in ensuring that electronic mails received and sent are effectively controlled, and this will also assist in blocking of spam mails, which may turn out to be more for distraction (Marzano, 2003). On the other hand, controlling of Internet application by parents may completely take trust away from student and in the end have a negative impact to their relationship with their parents. Again in the process of blocking various sites and materials, one might end up blocking wrong material of which may be of help to the student. Therefore, this is a process that needs to be clearly looked into before everything is carried against it, especially when considering the best impact it has caused in the current educational system (Marzano, 2003). Societies View on Cyber School The benefits of Cyber schools has greatly played a significant role in enhancing views of the society that student comes towards the effectiveness of the highlighted mode of learning. The society is able to understand that the system is aimed at incorporating better and faster learning processes within the overall learning process. In this way, educational tax collected from education procedures will be lowered and thus turning out to be advantageous to many families, especially when it comes to spending of finances. The society is also witnessing the cases of less violence being reported as many students are not faced with issues that may distract them and probably cause havoc (Patriot-News Editorial Board, 2009). Therefore, the society has welcomed the idea with an open mind and is ready to support it for the purpose enhancing learning process in the whole continent. Buy custom Milestone 2 First Draft Cyberschool essay

Lysistrata play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lysistrata play - Essay Example Macleod made me love the play Lysistrata even more. This is a reaction paper to the play Lysistrata by â€Å"Naked Feet productions†. Hannah Tsapatoris MacLeod proved that she was not an amateur, but a respected director of Greek plays. As a founder and director at â€Å"Naked Feet productions†, she showed her prowess by bringing a team together with the aim of performing the play Lysistrata. Her experiences include performing, choreographing, writing, singing, directing and teaching art. The following are the characters in the play. Kalonike was played by Meryl Lynn Brown, Myrrhine played by Jill Lawrence, Lampito played by Eleonore Thomas, Isemenia played by Cathrene Mary Moroney, Kinesius played by William Crawford, Senator played by Daniel Tobin, Panny played by Lawrence Beck and lastly, Aristophanes played by Robert Zaller. The production featured hotchpotch of ages, costume, attire and acting styles that transformed the acting into a splendid experience. The director through the play exceptionally brought the themes of war and women’s role in society to light. Lili Beta, a renowned Greek performer who played as Lysistrata quantified this through investing enthusiasm and effort in her character. Rallying women to go against their men particularly in a chauvinistic society is quite a difficult task. The production incorporated adapting the play to suite modern times, and in my opinion, MacLeod did a good job on this. The first instance that demonstrated professionalism in the play Lysistrata directed by Macleod was Lysistrata’s accent. This was a clear depiction of Greek accent by Beta, and it intimately linked the play with the audience. In fact, the audiences were seen smiling when the scene called for Lysistrata’s conversation. The words that the audience could use to describe the play are experiences, which were both shocking and amusing. A clear demonstration of

Interview based Analysis & Human Resource Management Essay

Interview based Analysis & Human Resource Management - Essay Example Her job profile is writing concepts and copy for all clients that come under her team. She is very reserved in nature and does not like intermingling, a reason for her seeming not to get promoted, even though she is well-qualified and her performance evaluations are good too. When asked about the situation, Sara claimed that she is a devoted employee and a hard worker, but her boss plays favorites and always gives her key assignments to Natasha, this lady who a year back was hired as an art director and started playing great politics with her by grabbing the conceptual bit of all main projects as well to take over the limelight which she successfully did and has been promoted as a team leader with a raise such that no one ever got throughout the agency’s history. Sara’s immediate boss, her group head though likes her work but still assigns an option of the work that he assigns Sara to Natasha as well and that is how she overshadows Sara through her ultra modern personal ity and dramatic presentation skills. Sara feels it is very unfair that all her opportunities are being transferred to Natasha and she is playing it all very smartly not refusing Sara’s work but utilizing it to gain the spotlight. When Sara found out that she was a victim of favoritism she did not cry out loud, instead taking it for over six continuous months went straight up to her group head and made sure to communicate to him her interest in taking on additional responsibility. She thought might be her head would have been waiting for her to show initiative but still over the months the same kept on happening. After very formally and positively venting out the situation to her immediate boss and not getting any results Sara went up to the HR manager of the agency and expressed her views. From her HR’s perspective politics is something so unhealthy and infectious that it kills an organization